
<table style="text-align:center"><caption><strong>Table X38. Additional results: disaggregated dependent variables (territorial vs. authority vs. SDM-related communal violence).</strong></caption>
<tr><td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Communal violence (territorial)</td><td>Communal violence (territorial)</td><td>Communal violence (authority)</td><td>Communal violence (authority)</td><td>Communal violence (SDM)</td><td>Communal violence (SDM)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A135)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A136)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A137)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A138)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A139)</td><td>Maj./min. dyad (model A140)</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy</td><td>-0.245</td><td>-1.773</td><td>0.611</td><td>-0.141</td><td>2.041<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.754</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.515)</td><td>(1.487)</td><td>(1.783)</td><td>(1.956)</td><td>(0.761)</td><td>(0.679)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Territorial autonomy x included/excluded</td><td></td><td>3.194<sup>***</sup></td><td></td><td>5.236<sup>**</sup></td><td></td><td>3.316<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td>(0.806)</td><td></td><td>(1.932)</td><td></td><td>(0.681)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Included/excluded</td><td>0.341</td><td>-0.659</td><td>-0.640</td><td>-2.422<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.593</td><td>-0.760</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.713)</td><td>(0.407)</td><td>(0.924)</td><td>(0.895)</td><td>(0.648)</td><td>(0.632)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Excluded/excluded</td><td>0.333</td><td>0.285</td><td>1.175</td><td>1.229</td><td>1.437<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.438<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.939)</td><td>(0.718)</td><td>(0.930)</td><td>(0.861)</td><td>(0.709)</td><td>(0.635)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, mean)</td><td>-0.549</td><td>-0.106</td><td>0.291</td><td>1.211</td><td>1.782</td><td>2.128</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(5.004)</td><td>(4.862)</td><td>(3.175)</td><td>(3.247)</td><td>(2.353)</td><td>(2.415)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (state, diff.)</td><td>0.731</td><td>-0.388</td><td>2.548</td><td>1.986</td><td>-0.640</td><td>-0.900</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.166)</td><td>(2.446)</td><td>(2.344)</td><td>(2.202)</td><td>(1.152)</td><td>(1.216)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, mean)</td><td>1.862</td><td>1.753</td><td>-0.197</td><td>-0.288</td><td>3.069<sup>*</sup></td><td>2.909<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.801)</td><td>(2.025)</td><td>(1.227)</td><td>(1.239)</td><td>(1.462)</td><td>(1.515)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Relative size (unit, diff.)</td><td>-1.142<sup>†</sup></td><td>-1.123</td><td>-0.953</td><td>-0.981<sup>†</sup></td><td>-1.079<sup>**</sup></td><td>-0.994<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.656)</td><td>(0.722)</td><td>(0.581)</td><td>(0.567)</td><td>(0.374)</td><td>(0.406)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Asymmetry</td><td>-1.149</td><td>-1.011</td><td>-0.277</td><td>-0.316</td><td>0.467</td><td>0.482</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.021)</td><td>(0.833)</td><td>(0.359)</td><td>(0.305)</td><td>(0.502)</td><td>(0.480)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (unit, logged)</td><td>0.916<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.921<sup>**</sup></td><td>0.078</td><td>0.065</td><td>0.244<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.256<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.310)</td><td>(0.314)</td><td>(0.266)</td><td>(0.270)</td><td>(0.135)</td><td>(0.135)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Area (unit, logged)</td><td>0.608<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.523</td><td>0.160</td><td>0.136</td><td>0.614<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.584<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.328)</td><td>(0.345)</td><td>(0.120)</td><td>(0.121)</td><td>(0.182)</td><td>(0.175)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Avg. ruggedness (unit)</td><td>0.00001</td><td>0.0004</td><td>0.004</td><td>0.005</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.006)</td><td>(0.004)</td><td>(0.003)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Oil in unit</td><td>-8.526<sup>***</sup></td><td>-7.788<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.009</td><td>-0.012</td><td>1.588<sup>*</sup></td><td>1.479<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.213)</td><td>(1.781)</td><td>(2.377)</td><td>(2.341)</td><td>(0.647)</td><td>(0.652)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance capital (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.105</td><td>-0.079</td><td>-0.124</td><td>-0.124</td><td>-0.133</td><td>-0.109</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.227)</td><td>(0.217)</td><td>(0.357)</td><td>(0.334)</td><td>(0.308)</td><td>(0.296)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Distance border (unit, logged)</td><td>-0.740<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.703<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.081</td><td>0.079</td><td>-0.198<sup>*</sup></td><td>-0.166<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.349)</td><td>(0.342)</td><td>(0.144)</td><td>(0.144)</td><td>(0.092)</td><td>(0.088)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">GDP pc. (logged)</td><td>-0.067</td><td>0.140</td><td>0.472</td><td>0.634</td><td>-0.170</td><td>-0.065</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.272)</td><td>(0.339)</td><td>(0.539)</td><td>(0.547)</td><td>(0.269)</td><td>(0.263)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Population (state, logged)</td><td>0.655<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.695<sup>***</sup></td><td>0.244</td><td>0.232</td><td>-0.076</td><td>-0.083</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.182)</td><td>(0.172)</td><td>(0.728)</td><td>(0.689)</td><td>(0.291)</td><td>(0.283)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Democracy</td><td>1.375</td><td>1.660</td><td>0.081</td><td>0.008</td><td>0.023</td><td>0.089</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(1.639)</td><td>(1.572)</td><td>(0.998)</td><td>(0.796)</td><td>(0.657)</td><td>(0.630)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Ethnic fractionalization</td><td>1.038</td><td>0.482</td><td>4.964</td><td>4.591</td><td>0.479</td><td>0.379</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.749)</td><td>(2.352)</td><td>(3.084)</td><td>(3.053)</td><td>(1.374)</td><td>(1.327)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Election year</td><td>2.201<sup>***</sup></td><td>2.133<sup>***</sup></td><td>1.072<sup>†</sup></td><td>1.053<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.245</td><td>0.280</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.513)</td><td>(0.423)</td><td>(0.643)</td><td>(0.609)</td><td>(0.280)</td><td>(0.261)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Terr. communal violence peace years</td><td>0.102</td><td>0.113</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.165)</td><td>(0.184)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Terr. communal violence peace years 2</td><td>-0.035</td><td>-0.037</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.030)</td><td>(0.032)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Terr. communal violence peace years 3</td><td>0.001</td><td>0.001</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Aut. communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.022</td><td>0.065</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.276)</td><td>(0.268)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Aut. communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.034</td><td>-0.039</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.027)</td><td>(0.025)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Aut. communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>0.002<sup>†</sup></td><td>0.002<sup>*</sup></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.001)</td><td>(0.001)</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.184<sup>†</sup></td><td>-0.178<sup>*</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.097)</td><td>(0.090)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>0.004</td><td>0.004</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.008)</td><td>(0.008)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence peace years 3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.0001</td><td>-0.0001</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(0.0002)</td><td>(0.0002)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Communal violence spatial lag</td><td>0.306</td><td>0.262</td><td>1.193</td><td>1.209</td><td>0.599<sup>*</sup></td><td>0.577<sup>†</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(0.508)</td><td>(0.526)</td><td>(1.016)</td><td>(0.947)</td><td>(0.304)</td><td>(0.298)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Constant</td><td>-10.692<sup>***</sup></td><td>-10.939<sup>**</sup></td><td>-14.254<sup>*</sup></td><td>-14.801<sup>*</sup></td><td>-28.454<sup>***</sup></td><td>-29.533<sup>***</sup></td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left"></td><td>(2.610)</td><td>(3.979)</td><td>(7.167)</td><td>(6.416)</td><td>(3.427)</td><td>(3.293)</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">N</td><td>27,930</td><td>27,930</td><td>27,930</td><td>27,930</td><td>195,966</td><td>195,966</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">Log Likelihood</td><td>-172.159</td><td>-169.285</td><td>-253.865</td><td>-249.380</td><td>-992.238</td><td>-976.109</td></tr>
<tr><td style="text-align:left">AIC</td><td>438.318</td><td>434.570</td><td>601.729</td><td>594.761</td><td>2,100.477</td><td>2,070.218</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" style="text-align:left">† p<0.1; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001; country-clustered SE’s in parentheses; maj. = second-order majority; min. = second-order minority.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7" style="text-align:left">The dependent variable is a binary variable equal to one if there is at least one instance of communal violence of the respective type involving a dyad in a given unit.</td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="7" style="text-align:left">Region- and year-fixed effects included but not reported.</td></tr>
</table>
